Japanese document
Description of Exif file format
Currently, most of new digicam use Exif file format to store images. This specification was made by
JEIDA, but there is no open document in internet. So I made tiny
description about Exif from some of open documents that can get from internet.
Add: Now we can get official document of
Exif2.1 from
PIMA's website.
ISO is now working to build DCF (Design rule for Camera File system) Specification. The entire digicam
manufacturer is moving to adopt it and their newest digicam already uses DCF. DCF defines whole file-system of
digicam; directory structure, file naming method, character set and file format etc. The file format of DCF is
based on Exif2.1 specification.
I believe this document is basically based on Exif2.1/DCF specification, if you have information about
'unknown' item or find errata, please e-mail me, TsuruZoh Tachibanaya , t s u r u z o h @ b a . w a k w a
k . c o m
This is a FREE document, you may use this document for any purpose (commercial/non-commercial) of all/part of
this document. All trade names mentioned in this document are trademarks or registered trademarks of their
respective holders.
TsuruZoh Tachibanaya, t s u r u z o h @ b a . w a k w a k . c o m
http://park2.wakwak.com/~tsuruzoh/
rev. 1.4 Feb.03,2001
rev. 1.3 Sep.09,2000
rev. 1.2 Jul.19,2000
rev. 1.1 Dec.19,1999
rev. 1.0 May.28,1999
Referenced materials
Exif file format written by itojun (Japanese
language document)
Exif file format written by Mamoru Ohno
(Japanese language document)
TIFF6.0 Specification written by Adobe
TIFF/EP Specification written by
ISO TC42 WG18
exifdump program written by Thierry Boush
DCF
Specification written by ISO TC42 WG18
Exif2.1 Specification written by
JEIDA
Basically, Exif file format is the same as JPEG file format. Exif inserts some of image/digicam information
data and thumbnail image to JPEG in conformity to JPEG specification. Therefore you can view Exif format image
files by JPEG compliant Internet browser/Picture viewer/Photo retouch software etc. as a usual JPEG image
files.
Every JPEG file starts from binary value '0xFFD8', ends by binary value '0xFFD9'. There are several binary
0xFFXX data in JPEG data, they are called as "Marker", and it means the period of JPEG information
data. 0xFFD8 means SOI(Start of image), 0xFFD9 means EOI(End of image). These two special
Markers have no data following, the other Markers have data with it. Basic format of Marker is below.
0xFF+Marker Number(1 byte)+Data size(2 bytes)+Data(n bytes)
Data size(2 Bytes) has "Motorola" byte align, starts from bigger digits. Please notice that "Data"
contains Data size descriptor, if there is a Marker like this;
FF C1 00 0C
It means this Marker(0xFFC1) has 0x000C(equal 12)bytes of data. But the data size '12' includes "Data size"
descriptor, it follows only 10 bytes of data after 0x000C.
In JPEG format, some of Markers describe data, then SOS(Start of stream) Marker placed. After the SOS
marker, JPEG image stream starts and terminated by EOI Marker.
| SOI Marker |
Marker XX size=SSSS |
Marker YY size=TTTT |
SOS Marker size=UUUU |
Image stream |
EOI Marker |
| FFD8 |
FFXX |
SSSS |
DDDD...... |
FFYY |
TTTT |
DDDD...... |
FFDA |
UUUU |
DDDD.... |
I I I I.... |
FFD9 |
The marker 0xFFE0~0xFFEF is named "Application Marker", not necessary for decoding JPEG image. They are
used by user application. For example, older olympus/canon/casio/agfa digicam use JFIF(JPEG File Interchange
Format) for storing images. JFIF uses APP0(0xFFE0) Marker for inserting digicam configuration data and
thumbnail image.
Also Exif uses an Application Marker for inserting data, but Exif uses APP1(0xFFE1) Marker to avoid a
conflict with JFIF format. Every Exif file formats starts from this format;
| SOI Marker |
APP1 Marker |
APP1 Data |
Other Marker |
| FFD8 |
FFE1 |
SSSS 457869660000 TTTT...... |
FFXX SSSS DDDD...... |
It starts from SOI(0xFFD8) Marker, so it's a JPEG file. Then APP1 Marker follows immediately. All the data of
Exif are stored in this APP1 data area. The part of "SSSS" on upper table means the size of APP1 data area
(Exif data area). Please notice that the size "SSSS" includes the size of descriptor itself also.
After the "SSSS", APP1 data starts. The first part is a special data to identify whether Exif or not, ASCII
character "Exif" and 2bytes of 0x00 are used.
After the APP1 Marker area, the other JPEG Markers follows.
Roughly structure of Exif data (APP1) is shown as below. This is a case of "Intel" byte aligns and it contains
JPEG format thumbnail. As described above, Exif data is starts from ASCII character "Exif" and 2bytes of 0x00,
and then Exif data follows. Exif uses TIFF format to store data. For more details of TIFF format, please refer
to "TIFF6.0 specification".
| FFE1 |
APP1 Marker |
| SSSS |
APP1 Data |
APP1 Data Size |
| 45786966 0000 |
Exif Header |
| 49492A00 08000000 |
TIFF Header |
| XXXX. . . . |
IFD0 (main image) |
Directory |
| LLLLLLLL |
Link to IFD1 |
| XXXX. . . . |
Data area of IFD0 |
| XXXX. . . . |
|
Exif SubIFD |
Directory |
| 00000000 |
End of Link |
| XXXX. . . . |
Data area of Exif SubIFD |
| XXXX. . . . |
|
Interoperability IFD |
Directory |
| 00000000 |
End of Link |
| XXXX. . . . |
Data area of Interoperability IFD |
| XXXX. . . . |
Makernote IFD |
Directory |
| 00000000 |
End of Link |
| XXXX. . . . |
Data area of Makernote IFD |
| XXXX. . . . |
IFD1(thumbnail image) |
Directory |
| 00000000 |
End of Link |
| XXXX. . . . |
Data area of IFD1 |
| FFD8XXXX. . . XXXXFFD9 |
Thumbnail image |
First 8bytes of TIFF format are TIFF header. First 2bytes defines byte align of TIFF data. If it is 0x4949="I
I", it means "Intel" type byte align. If it is 0x4d4d="MM", it means "Motorola" type byte align. For example,
value '305,419,896' is noted as 0x12345678 by sixteenth system. At the Motorola align, it is stored as
0x12,0x34,0x56,0x78. If it's Intel align, it is stored as 0x78,0x56,0x34,0x12. It seems that most of digicam
uses Intel align. Ricoh uses Motorola align. Sony uses Intel align except D700. Kodak DC200/210/240 use
Motorola aligns, but DC220/260 use Intel aligns though they are using PowerPC! Therefore when we need the
value of Exif data, we MUST check byte align every time. Though JPEG data uses Motorola align only, Exif
allows both alignments. I can't understand why Exif didn't fix a byte align to Motorola.
Next 2bytes are always 2bytes-length value of 0x002A. If the data uses Intel align, next 2bytes are
"0x2a,0x00". If it uses Motorola, they are "0x00,0x2a". The last 4bytes of TIFF header are an offset to the
first IFD(Image File Directory, described in next chapter). Includes this offset, all the offset value used in
TIFF format counts offset bytes from the first of TIFF header("I I" or "MM"). Usually the first IFD starts
immediately next to TIFF header, so this offset has value '0x00000008'.
| Byte align |
TAG Mark |
Offset to first IFD |
| "I I" or "MM" |
0x002a |
0x00000008 |
Next to TIFF header, there is the first IFD:Image File Directory. It contains image information data. At the
chart below, the first 2bytes('EEEE') means the number of directory entry contains in this IFD. Then directory
entry (12bytes per entry) follows. After last directory entry, there is a 4bytes of data('LLLLLLLL' at the
chart), it means an offset to next IFD. If its value is '0x00000000', it means this is the last IFD and there
is no linked IFD.
| EEEE |
No. of directory entry |
| TTTT |
ffff |
NNNNNNNN |
DDDDDDDD |
Entry 0 |
| TTTT |
ffff |
NNNNNNNN |
DDDDDDDD |
Entry 1 |
| . . . . . . . . . |
. . . . . . |
| TTTT |
ffff |
NNNNNNNN |
DDDDDDDD |
Entry EEEE-1 |
| LLLLLLLL |
Offset to next IFD |
'TTTT'(2bytes) of above chart is Tag number, this shows a kind of data. 'ffff'(2bytes) is data format,
'NNNNNNNN'(4bytes) is number of components. 'DDDDDDDD'(4bytes) contains a data value or offset to data value.
Data format ('ffff' at the above chart) is defined as below. "rational" means a fractional value, it contains
2-signed/unsigned long integer values, and the first represents the numerator, and the second, the
denominator.
| Value |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
| Format |
unsigned byte |
ascii strings |
unsigned short |
unsigned long |
unsigned rational |
signed byte |
| Bytes/component |
1 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
8 |
1 |
| |
| Value |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
| Format |
undefined |
signed short |
signed long |
signed rational |
single float |
double float |
| Bytes/component |
1 |
2 |
4 |
8 |
4 |
8 |
You can get the total data byte length by multiplies a 'bytes/components' value (see above chart) by number of
components stored 'NNNNNNNN' area. If total data length is less than 4bytes, 'DDDDDDDD' contains the value of
that Tag. If its size is over 4bytes, 'DDDDDDDD' contains the offset to data stored address.
At Exif format, the first IFD is IFD0(IFD of main image), then it links to IFD1(IFD of thumbnail image) and
IFD link is terminated. But IFD0/IFD1 doesn't contain any digicam's information such as shutter speed, focal
length etc. IFD0 always contains special Tag Exif Offset (0x8769), it shows an offset to Exif SubIFD.
Exif SubIFD is IFD formatted data also, it contains digicam's information.
In case of Extended Exif format (Exif2.1/DCF), Exif SubIFD contains special Tag Exif Interoperability
Offset (0xa005). It also points to the Interoperability IFD. By the DCF specification, this tag is
mandatory and both SubIFD (main image IFD) and IFD1 (thumbnail image IFD) may have Interoperability IFD. In
usual, only main image have this tag.
And some of digicam uses IFD data format for Makernote; Maker-specific magic number area. It's very hard to
decision whether makernote is IFD format or not, be careful to coding program. See Appendix for information of
Makernote.
0000: 49 49 2A 00 08 00 00 00-02 00 1A 01 05 00 01 00
0010: 00 00 26 00 00 00 69 87-04 00 01 00 00 00 11 02
0020: 00 00 40 00 00 00 48 00-00 00 01 00 00 00
If the first part of TIFF data is above, it can read as;
- The first 2bytes are "I I", byte align is 'Intel'.
- Address 0x0004~0x0007 is 0x08000000, IFD0 starts from address '0x0008'
- Address 0x0008~0x0009 is 0x0200, number of directory entry of IFD0 is '2'.
- Address 0x000a~0x000b is 0x1A01, it means this is an XResolution(0x011A) Tag, it contains a horizontal
resolution of image.
- Address 0x000c~0x000d is 0x0500, format of this value is unsigned rational(0x0005).
- Address 0x000e~0x0011 is 0x01000000, number of components is '1'. Unsigned rational's data size is
8bytes/components, so total data length is 1x8=8bytes.
- Total data length is larger than 4bytes, so next 4bytes contains an offset to data.
- Address 0x0012~0x0015 is 0x26000000, XResolution data is stored to address 0x0026
- Address 0x0026~0x0029 is 0x48000000, numerator is 72, address 0x002a~0x002d is 0x0100000000, denominator
is '1'. So the value of XResoultion is 72/1.
- Address0x0016~0x0017 is 0x6987, next Tag is ExifOffset(0x8769). Its value is an offset to Exif SubIFD
- Data format is 0x0004, unsigned long integer.
- This Tag has one component. Unsigned long integer's data size is 4bytes/components, so total data size
is 4bytes.
- Total data size is equal to 4bytes, next 4bytes contains the value of Exif SubIFD offset.
- Address 0x001e~0x0021 is 0x11020000, Exif SubIFD starts from address '0x0211'.
- This is the last directory entry, next 4bytes shows an offset to next IFD.
- Address 0x0022~0x0025 is 0x40000000, next IFD starts from address '0x0040'
Exif format contains thumbnail of image (except Ricoh RDC-300Z). Usually it is located next to the IFD1. There
are 3 formats for thumbnails; JPEG format(JPEG uses YCbCr), RGB TIFF format, YCbCr TIFF format. It seems that
JPEG format and 160x120 pixels of size are recommended thumbnail format for Exif2.1 or later. By the DCF
specification, thumbnail image MUST use JPEG format and image size is fixed to 160x120 pixels.
If the value of Compression(0x0103) Tag in IFD1 is '6', thumbnail image format is JPEG. Most of Exif
image uses JPEG format for thumbnail. In that case, you can get offset of thumbnail from
JpegIFOffset(0x0201) Tag in IFD1, size of thumbnail from JpegIFByteCount(0x0202) Tag. Data format
is ordinary JPEG format, starts from 0xFFD8 and ends by 0xFFD9.
If the value of Compression(0x0103) Tag in IFD1 is '1', thumbnail image format is no compression(called
TIFF image). Start point of thumbnail data is StripOffset(0x0111) Tag, size of thumbnail is the sum of
StripByteCounts(0x0117) Tag.
If thumbnail uses no compression and PhotometricInterpretation(0x0106)Tag in IFD1 has a value '2',
thumbnail uses RGB format. In that case, you can see thumbnail image by simply copy data to computer's RGB
format(such as BMP format, or copy to VRAM directory). Kodak DC-210/220/260 uses this format. Be mention that
at TIFF stores pixel data as 'RGB' order, but BMP stores 'BGR' order.
If that tag has a value '6', thumbnail uses YCbCr format. If you want to see thumbnail, you must convert it to
RGB. Ricoh RDC4200/4300, Fuji DS-7/300 and DX-5/7/9 use this format(newer RDC5000/MX-X00 series use JPEG).
Next section is brief description to conversion of Fuji DS's thumbnail. For more details, refer to
TIFF6.0 specification.
At DX-5/7/9, YCbCrSubsampling(0x0212) has values of '2,1', PlanarConfiguration(0x011c) has a value '1'. So the
data align of this image is below.
Y(0,0),Y(1,0),Cb(0,0),Cr(0,0), Y(2,0),Y(3,0),Cb(2,0),Cr(3.0), Y(4,0),Y(5,0),Cb(4,0),Cr(4,0). . . .
The numeric in parenthesis is pixel coordinates. DX series' YCbCrCoefficients(0x0211) has values
'0.299/0.587/0.114', ReferenceBlackWhite(0x0214) has values '0,255,128,255,128,255'. Therefore to convert from
Y/Cb/Cr to RGB is;
B(0,0)=(Cb-128)*(2-0.114*2)+Y(0,0)
R(0,0)=(Cr-128)*(2-0.299*2)+Y(0,0)
G(0,0)=(Y(0,0)-0.114*B(0,0)-0.299*R(0,0))/0.587
Horizontal subsampling is a value '2', so you can calculate B(1,0)/R(1,0)/G(1,0) by using the Y(1,0) and
Cr(0,0)/Cb(0,0). Repeat this conversion by value of ImageWidth(0x0100) and ImageLength(0x0101).
Tag numbers used by Exif/TIFF are shown as below. If the Tag has upper limit of components number, CompoNo
column has numeric value. If it has no value, there is no limitation.
| Tags used by IFD0 (main image) |
| Tag No. |
Tag Name |
Format |
CompoNo |
Desc. |
| 0x010e |
Image Description |
ascii string |
|
Describes image. Two-byte character code such as Chinese/Korean/Japanese cannot be used. |
| 0x010f |
Make |
ascii string |
|
Shows manufacturer of digicam. In the Exif standard, this tag is optional, but it is mandatory for
DCF. |
| 0x0110 |
Model |
ascii string |
|
Shows model number of digicam. In the Exif standard, this tag is optional, but it is mandatory for
DCF. |
| 0x0112 |
Orientation |
unsigned short |
1 |
| Value |
0th Row |
0th Column |
| 1 |
top |
left side |
| 2 |
top |
right side |
| 3 |
bottom |
right side |
| 4 |
bottom |
left side |
| 5 |
left side |
top |
| 6 |
right side |
top |
| 7 |
right side |
bottom |
| 8 |
left side |
bottom |
The orientation of the camera relative to the scene, when the image was captured. The relation of the '0th
row' and '0th column' to visual position is shown as right. |
| 0x011a |
XResolution |
unsigned rational |
1 |
Display/Print resolution of image. Default value is 1/72inch, but it has no mean because
personal computer doesn't use this value to display/print out. |
| 0x011b |
YResolution |
unsigned rational |
1 |
| 0x0128 |
Resolution Unit |
unsigned short |
1 |
Unit of XResolution(0x011a)/YResolution(0x011b). '1' means no-unit, '2' means inch, '3' means
centimeter. Default value is '2'(inch). |
| 0x0131 |
Software |
ascii string |
|
Shows firmware(internal software of digicam) version number. |
| 0x0132 |
DateTime |
ascii string |
20 |
Date/Time of image was last modified. Data format is "YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS"+0x00, total 20bytes. If
clock has not set or digicam doesn't have clock, the field may be filled with spaces. In usual, it has the
same value of DateTimeOriginal(0x9003) |
| 0x013e |
WhitePoint |
unsigned rational |
2 |
Defines chromaticity of white point of the image. If the image uses CIE Standard Illumination
D65(known as international standard of 'daylight'), the values are '3127/10000,3290/10000'. |
| 0x013f |
Primary Chromaticities |
unsigned rational |
6 |
Defines chromaticity of the primaries of the image. If the image uses CCIR Recommendation 709
primaries, values are '640/1000,330/1000,300/1000,600/1000,150/1000,0/1000'. |
| 0x0211 |
YCbCr Coefficients |
unsigned rational |
3 |
When image format is YCbCr, this value shows a constant to translate it to RGB format. In usual,
values are '0.299/0.587/0.114'. |
| 0x0213 |
YCbCr Positioning |
unsigned short |
1 |
When image format is YCbCr and uses 'Subsampling'(cropping of chroma data, all the digicam do that),
defines the chroma sample point of subsampling pixel array. '1' means the center of pixel array, '2' means
the datum point. |
| 0x0214 |
Reference BlackWhite |
unsigned rational |
6 |
Shows reference value of black point/white point. In case of YCbCr format, first 2 show black/white of
Y, next 2 are Cb, last 2 are Cr. In case of RGB format, first 2 show black/white of R, next 2 are G, last
2 are B. |
| 0x8298 |
Copyright |
ascii string |
|
Shows copyright information |
| 0x8769 |
ExifOffset |
unsigned long |
1 |
Offset to Exif Sub IFD |
| Tags used by Exif SubIFD |
| Tag No. |
Tag Name |
Format |
CompoNo |
Desc. |
| 0x829a |
ExposureTime |
unsigned rational |
1 |
Exposure time (reciprocal of shutter speed). Unit is second. |
| 0x829d |
FNumber |
unsigned rational |
1 |
The actual F-number(F-stop) of lens when the image was taken. |
| 0x8822 |
Exposure Program |
unsigned short |
1 |
Exposure program that the camera used when image was taken. '1' means manual control, '2' program
normal, '3' aperture priority, '4' shutter priority, '5' program creative (slow program), '6' program
action(high-speed program), '7' portrait mode, '8' landscape mode. |
| 0x8827 |
ISOSpeed Ratings |
unsigned short |
2 |
CCD sensitivity equivalent to Ag-Hr film speedrate. |
| 0x9000 |
ExifVersion |
undefined |
4 |
Exif version number. Stored as 4bytes of ASCII character. If the picture is based on Exif V2.1, value
is "0210". Since the type is 'undefined', there is no NULL(0x00) for termination. |
| 0x9003 |
DateTime Original |
ascii string |
20 |
Date/Time of original image taken. This value should not be modified by user program. Data format is
"YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS"+0x00, total 20bytes. If clock has not set or digicam doesn't have clock, the field
may be filled with spaces. In the Exif standard, this tag is optional, but it is mandatory for DCF. |
| 0x9004 |
DateTime Digitized |
ascii string |
20 |
Date/Time of image digitized. Usually, it contains the same value of DateTimeOriginal(0x9003). Data
format is "YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS"+0x00, total 20bytes. If clock has not set or digicam doesn't have clock,
the field may be filled with spaces. In the Exif standard, this tag is optional, but it is mandatory for
DCF. |
| 0x9101 |
Components Configuration |
undefined |
|
Shows the order of pixel data. Most of case '0x04,0x05,0x06,0x00' is used for RGB-format and
'0x01,0x02,0x03,0x00' for YCbCr-format. 0x00:does not exist, 0x01:Y, 0x02:Cb, 0x03:Cr, 0x04:Red,
0x05:Green, 0x06:Bllue. |
| 0x9102 |
Compressed BitsPerPixel |
unsigned rational |
1 |
The average compression ratio of JPEG (rough estimate). |
| 0x9201 |
ShutterSpeed Value |
signed rational |
1 |
Shutter speed by APEX value. To convert this value to ordinary 'Shutter Speed'; calculate this value's
power of 2, then reciprocal. For example, if the ShutterSpeedValue is '4', shutter speed is 1/(24)=1/16
second. |
| 0x9202 |
ApertureValue |
unsigned rational |
1 |
The actual aperture value of lens when the image was taken. Unit is APEX. To convert this value to
ordinary F-number(F-stop), calculate this value's power of root 2 (=1.4142). For example, if the
ApertureValue is '5', F-number is 1.41425 = F5.6. |
| 0x9203 |
BrightnessValue |
signed rational |
1 |
Brightness of taken subject, unit is APEX. To calculate Exposure(Ev) from BrigtnessValue(Bv), you must
add SensitivityValue(Sv).
Ev=Bv+Sv Sv=log2(ISOSpeedRating/3.125)
ISO100:Sv=5, ISO200:Sv=6, ISO400:Sv=7, ISO125:Sv=5.32. |
| 0x9204 |
ExposureBias Value |
signed rational |
1 |
Exposure bias(compensation) value of taking picture. Unit is APEX(EV). |
| 0x9205 |
MaxAperture Value |
unsigned rational |
1 |
Maximum aperture value of lens. You can convert to F-number by calculating power of root 2 (same
process of ApertureValue:0x9202). |
| 0x9206 |
SubjectDistance |
signed rational |
1 |
Distance to focus point, unit is meter. |
| 0x9207 |
MeteringMode |
unsigned short |
1 |
Exposure metering method. '0' means unknown, '1' average, '2' center weighted average, '3' spot, '4'
multi-spot, '5' multi-segment, '6' partial, '255' other. |
| 0x9208 |
LightSource |
unsigned short |
1 |
Light source, actually this means white balance setting. '0' means unknown, '1' daylight, '2'
fluorescent, '3' tungsten, '10' flash, '17' standard light A, '18' standard light B, '19' standard light
C, '20' D55, '21' D65, '22' D75, '255' other. |
| 0x9209 |
Flash |
unsigned short |
1 |
'0' means flash did not fire, '1' flash fired, '5' flash fired but strobe return light not detected,
'7' flash fired and strobe return light detected. |
| 0x920a |
FocalLength |
unsigned rational |
1 |
Focal length of lens used to take image. Unit is millimeter. |
| 0x927c |
MakerNote |
undefined |
|
Maker dependent internal data. Some of maker such as Olympus/Nikon/Sanyo etc. uses IFD format for this
area. |
| 0x9286 |
UserComment |
undefined |
|
Stores user comment. This tag allows to use two-byte character code or unicode. First 8 bytes describe
the character code. 'JIS' is a Japanese character code (known as Kanji).
'0x41,0x53,0x43,0x49,0x49,0x00,0x00,0x00':ASCII
'0x4a,0x49,0x53,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00':JIS
'0x55,0x4e,0x49,0x43,0x4f,0x44,0x45,0x00':Unicode
'0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00':Undefined
|
| 0x9290 |
SubsecTime |
ascii string |
|
Some of digicam can take 2~30 pictures per second, but
DateTime/DateTimeOriginal/DateTimeDigitized tag can't record the sub-second time. SubsecTime tag is used
to record it.
For example, DateTimeOriginal = "1996:09:01 09:15:30", SubSecTimeOriginal = "130", Combined original time
is "1996:09:01 09:15:30.130"
|
| 0x9291 |
SubsecTime Original |
ascii string |
|
| 0x9292 |
SubsecTime Digitized |
ascii string |
|
| 0xa000 |
FlashPixVersion |
undefined |
4 |
Stores FlashPix version. If the image data is based on FlashPix formar Ver.1.0, value is "0100". Since
the type is 'undefined', there is no NULL(0x00) for termination. |
| 0xa001 |
ColorSpace |
unsigned short |
1 |
Defines Color Space. DCF image must use sRGB color space so value is always '1'. If the picture uses
the other color space, value is '65535':Uncalibrated. |
| 0xa002 |
ExifImageWidth |
unsigned short/long |
1 |
Size of main image. |
| 0xa003 |
ExifImageHeight |
unsigned short/long |
1 |
| 0xa004 |
Related SoundFile |
ascii string |
|
If this digicam can record audio data with image, shows name of audio data. |
| 0xa005 |
ExifInteroperability Offset |
unsigned long |
1 |
Extension of "ExifR98", detail is unknown. This value is offset to IFD format data. Currently there
are 2 directory entries, first one is Tag0x0001, value is "R98", next is Tag0x0002, value is "0100". |
| 0xa20e |
FocalPlane XResolution |
unsigned rational |
1 |
Pixel density at CCD's position. If you have MegaPixel digicam and take a picture by lower
resolution(e.g.VGA mode), this value is re-sampled by picture resolution. In such case,
FocalPlaneResolution is not same as CCD's actual resolution. |
| 0xa20f |
FocalPlane YResolution |
unsigned rational |
1 |
| 0xa210 |
FocalPlane ResolutionUnit |
unsigned short |
1 |
Unit of FocalPlaneXResoluton/FocalPlaneYResolution. '1' means no-unit, '2' inch, '3' centimeter.
Note:Some of Fujifilm's digicam(e.g.FX2700,FX2900,Finepix4700Z/40i etc) uses value '3' so it must be
'centimeter', but it seems that they use a '8.3mm?'(1/3in.?) to their ResolutionUnit. Fuji's BUG?
Finepix4900Z has been changed to use value '2' but it doesn't match to actual value also. |
| 0xa215 |
ExposureIndex |
unsigned rational |
1 |
Same as ISOSpeedRatings(0x8827) but data type is unsigned rational. Only Kodak's digicam uses this tag
instead of ISOSpeedRating, I don't know why(historical reason?). |
| 0xa217 |
SensingMethod |
unsigned short |
1 |
Shows type of image sensor unit. '2' means 1 chip color area sensor, most of all digicam use this
type. |
| 0xa300 |
FileSource |
undefined |
1 |
Indicates the image source. Value '0x03' means the image source is digital still camera. |
| 0xa301 |
SceneType |
undefined |
1 |
Indicates the type of scene. Value '0x01' means that the image was directly photographed. |
| 0xa302 |
CFAPattern |
undefined |
|
Indicates the Color filter array(CFA) geometric pattern.
| Length |
Type |
Meaning |
| 2 |
short |
Horizontal repeat pixel unit = n |
| 2 |
short |
Vertical repeat pixel unit = m |
| 1 |
byte |
CFA value[0,0] |
| : |
: |
: |
| 1 |
byte |
CFA value[n-1,0] |
| 1 |
byte |
CFA value[0,1] |
| : |
: |
: |
| 1 |
byte |
CFA value[n-1,m-1] |
The relation of filter color to CFA value is shown below.
| Filter Color |
Red |
Green |
Blue |
Cyan |
Magenta |
Yellow |
White |
| CFA value |
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
For example, ordinary RGB filter uses the repetition of left chart, the value is
'0x0002,0x0002,0x00,0x01,0x01,0x02'.
|
| Tags used by Interoperability IFD |
| Tag No. |
Tag Name |
Format |
CompoNo |
Desc. |
| 0x0001 |
InteroperabilityIndex |
Ascii string |
4 |
If this IFD is main image's IFD and the file content is equivalent to ExifR98 v1.0, the value is
"R98". If thumbnail image's, value is "THM". |
| 0x0002 |
InteroperabilityVersion |
Undefined |
4 |
Records the interoperability version. "0100" means version 1.00. |
| 0x1000 |
RelatedImageFileFormat |
Ascii string |
any |
Records the file format of image file. Value is ascii string (e.g. "Exif JPEG Ver. 2.1"). |
| 0x1001 |
RelatedImageWidth |
Short or Long |
1 |
Records the image size. |
| 0x1001 |
RelatedImageLength |
Short or Long |
1 |
| Tags used by IFD1 (thumbnail image) |
| Tag No. |
Tag Name |
Format |
CompoNo |
Desc. |
| 0x0100 |
ImageWidth |
unsigned short/long |
1 |
Shows size of thumbnail image. |
| 0x0101 |
ImageLength |
unsigned short/long |
1 |
| 0x0102 |
BitsPerSample |
unsigned short |
3 |
When image format is no compression, this value shows the number of bits per component for each pixel.
Usually this value is '8,8,8' |
| 0x0103 |
Compression |
unsigned short |
1 |
Shows compression method. '1' means no compression, '6' means JPEG compression. |
| 0x0106 |
PhotometricInterpretation |
unsigned short |
1 |
Shows the color space of the image data components. '1' means monochrome, '2' means RGB, '6' means
YCbCr. |
| 0x0111 |
StripOffsets |
unsigned short/long |
|
When image format is no compression, this value shows offset to image data. In some case image data is
striped and this value is plural. |
| 0x0115 |
SamplesPerPixel |
unsigned short |
1 |
When image format is no compression, this value shows the number of components stored for each pixel.
At color image, this value is '3'. |
| 0x0116 |
RowsPerStrip |
unsigned short/long |
1 |
When image format is no compression and image has stored as strip, this value shows how many rows
stored to each strip. If image has not striped, this value is the same as ImageLength(0x0101). |
| 0x0117 |
StripByteConunts |
unsigned short/long |
|
When image format is no compression and stored as strip, this value shows how many bytes used for each
strip and this value is plural. If image has not stripped, this value is single and means whole data size
of image. |
| 0x011a |
XResolution |
unsigned rational |
1 |
Display/Print resolution of image. Large number of digicam uses 1/72inch, but it has no
mean because personal computer doesn't use this value to display/print out. |
| 0x011b |
YResolution |
unsigned rational |
1 |
| 0x011c |
PlanarConfiguration |
unsigned short |
1 |
When image format is no compression YCbCr, this value shows byte aligns of YCbCr data. If value is
'1', Y/Cb/Cr value is chunky format, contiguous for each subsampling pixel. If value is '2', Y/Cb/Cr value
is separated and stored to Y plane/Cb plane/Cr plane format. |
| 0x0128 |
ResolutionUnit |
unsigned short |
1 |
Unit of XResolution(0x011a)/YResolution(0x011b). '1' means inch, '2' means centimeter. |
| 0x0201 |
JpegIFOffset |
unsigned long |
1 |
When image format is JPEG, this value show offset to JPEG data stored. |
| 0x0202 |
JpegIFByteCount |
unsigned long |
1 |
When image format is JPEG, this value shows data size of JPEG image. |
| 0x0211 |
YCbCrCoefficients |
unsigned rational |
3 |
When image format is YCbCr, this value shows constants to translate it to RGB format. In usual,
'0.299/0.587/0.114' are used. |
| 0x0212 |
YCbCrSubSampling |
unsigned short |
2 |
When image format is YCbCr and uses subsampling(cropping of chroma data, all the digicam do that),
this value shows how many chroma data subsampled. First value shows horizontal, next value shows vertical
subsample rate. |
| 0x0213 |
YCbCrPositioning |
unsigned short |
1 |
When image format is YCbCr and uses 'Subsampling'(cropping of chroma data, all the digicam do that),
this value defines the chroma sample point of subsampled pixel array. '1' means the center of pixel array,
'2' means the datum point(0,0). |
| 0x0214 |
ReferenceBlackWhite |
unsigned rational |
6 |
Shows reference value of black point/white point. In case of YCbCr format, first 2 show black/white of
Y, next 2 are Cb, last 2 are Cr. In case of RGB format, first 2 show black/white of R, next 2 are G, last
2 are B. |
| Misc Tags |
| Tag No. |
Tag Name |
Format |
CompoNo |
Desc. |
| 0x00fe |
NewSubfileType |
unsigned long |
1 |
|
| 0x00ff |
SubfileType |
unsigned short |
1 |
|
| 0x012d |
TransferFunction |
unsigned short |
3 |
|
| 0x013b |
Artist |
ascii string |
|
|
| 0x013d |
Predictor |
unsigned short |
1 |
|
| 0x0142 |
TileWidth |
unsigned short |
1 |
|
| 0x0143 |
TileLength |
unsigned short |
1 |
|
| 0x0144 |
TileOffsets |
unsigned long |
|
|
| 0x0145 |
TileByteCounts |
unsigned short |
|
|
| 0x014a |
SubIFDs |
unsigned long |
|
|
| 0x015b |
JPEGTables |
undefined |
|
|
| 0x828d |
CFARepeatPatternDim |
unsigned short |
2 |
|
| 0x828e |
CFAPattern |
unsigned byte |
|
|
| 0x828f |
BatteryLevel |
unsigned rational |
1 |
|
| 0x83bb |
IPTC/NAA |
unsigned long |
|
|
| 0x8773 |
InterColorProfile |
undefined |
|
|
| 0x8824 |
SpectralSensitivity |
ascii string |
|
|
| 0x8825 |
GPSInfo |
unsigned long |
1 |
|
| 0x8828 |
OECF |
undefined |
|
|
| 0x8829 |
Interlace |
unsigned short |
1 |
|
| 0x882a |
TimeZoneOffset |
signed short |
1 |
|
| 0x882b |
SelfTimerMode |
unsigned short |
1 |
|
| 0x920b |
FlashEnergy |
unsigned rational |
1 |
|
| 0x920c |
SpatialFrequencyResponse |
undefined |
|
|
| 0x920d |
Noise |
undefined |
|
|
| 0x9211 |
ImageNumber |
unsigned long |
1 |
|
| 0x9212 |
SecurityClassification |
ascii string |
1 |
|
| 0x9213 |
ImageHistory |
ascii string |
|
|
| 0x9214 |
SubjectLocation |
unsigned short |
4 |
|
| 0x9215 |
ExposureIndex |
unsigned rational |
1 |
|
| 0x9216 |
TIFF/EPStandardID |
unsigned byte |
4 |
|
| 0xa20b |
FlashEnergy |
unsigned rational |
1 |
|
| 0xa20c |
SpatialFrequencyResponse |
unsigned short |
1 |
|
| 0xa214 |
SubjectLocation |
unsigned short |
1 |
|
I would like to thank to;
Daniel Switkin: Byte align of TAG Mark, Format of ImageWidth/ImageLength
Peter Esherick: MakerNote of Olympus
Matthias Wandel: Value of FocalPlaneResolutionUnit
Max Lyons: Makernote of Nikon ...His webpage
Eckhard Henkel: Makernote of Casio ...His webpage
David Burren: FocalPlaneResolutionUnit of Fujifilm's / Makernote of
Canon ...His webpage |
